“Motion in a plane” means movement that happens on a flat surface, where you need two coordinates (x and y) to describe where an object is. We study this motion using vectors such as position, velocity, and acceleration. To understand how something moves, we look at the x-direction and y-direction separately, using equations of motion … Read more
Basic Concepts of Motion Position, Distance and Displacement Speed and Velocity Speed (Harmonic mean) Velocity Instantaneous Velocity Average Velocity Relation between Speed and Velocity Also Read: Average Speed And Average Velocity Acceleration Equations of Motion (for Constant Acceleration) Let: Initial velocity = u, Final velocity = v, Acceleration = a, Time = t, Displacement = … Read more
Temperature is something we all feel intuitively—hot or cold—but measuring it precisely requires a scientific approach. We’ll break this down step by step in a simple, logical order, starting with the history and building up to how we assign numerical values to temperature. I’ll use clear headings, bullet points, and equations to make it easy … Read more
Long ago, in the early 1600s, a curious scientist named Galileo Galilei made an unusual observation inside a large cathedral in Italy. As he sat watching a chandelier swinging gently from the ceiling, he noticed something fascinating — the time it took for the chandelier to swing back and forth remained nearly the same, even … Read more
The story of springs and their potential energy is a fascinating one that stretches back centuries. Before we had the coiled springs we’re familiar with today, people used leaf springs made of curved metal strips. These were not very efficient and required constant lubrication, plus they were noisy. The game-changer came in 1763 when R. … Read more
The journey into the history of nuclear fusion starts in the early 20th century. Scientists were curious about how stars, including our Sun, produced such vast amounts of energy. The British physicist Arthur Eddington was one of the first to suggest that stars might be powered by nuclear fusion, combining hydrogen atoms to form helium … Read more
The discovery of nuclear fission marked a significant milestone in atomic physics. It all began on December 19, 1938, in Berlin, when German chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann were conducting experiments bombarding uranium with neutrons. To their surprise, they found that instead of creating a heavier element as expected, the uranium nucleus split into … Read more
The discovery of beta decay traces back to the late 19th century. In 1899, Ernest Rutherford, a pioneering physicist in radioactivity, observed that some elements emitted radiation that could penetrate metal foils and fog photographic plates. This was different from alpha radiation, which he had already characterized. Rutherford named this new radiation “beta rays,” after … Read more
Alpha decay was first discovered by Ernest Rutherford in the early 20th century. While studying radioactivity, he found that certain elements emitted a type of radiation that could be blocked by just a sheet of paper or even the skin. This was unlike other forms of radiation, such as beta or gamma rays, which required … Read more
The journey into the heart of the atom began with Ernest Rutherford. In 1911, he proposed the nuclear model of the atom, which was a groundbreaking shift from the earlier plum pudding model suggested by J.J. Thomson. Rutherford’s model came as a result of the famous Gold Foil Experiment conducted by Hans Geiger and Ernest … Read more