The story begins in the early 19th century. Before this time, electricity and magnetism were thought to be unrelated phenomena. It was the era of scientific giants like Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère, who were about to uncover the deep connection between these two forces of nature. In 1820, Ørsted discovered that a compass … Read more
The story of the toroid begins with the foundational work of Michael Faraday, a pioneering scientist in the field of electromagnetism. In 1830, Faraday made a groundbreaking discovery that would lead to the invention of the toroid. Faraday observed that when a magnetic field changes over time, it induces an electric voltage in a nearby … Read more
The story of the solenoid begins with the innovative work of André-Marie Ampère, a French physicist whose name is now synonymous with the unit of electric current, the ampere. In the 1820s, Ampère was fascinated by the relationship between electricity and magnetism, which was a hot topic in scientific circles of the time. Ampère conceived … Read more
The story of Ampere’s Law begins with a remarkable discovery in the early 19th century. In 1820, Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted found that an electric current creates a magnetic field around it. This was observed when a compass needle placed near a wire carrying an electric current turned to align perpendicularly to the wire. … Read more
The story of the Biot-Savart Law begins in the early 19th century with two French physicists, Jean-Baptiste Biot, and Félix Savart. These scientists were intrigued by the relationship between electricity and magnetism, a topic that was not well understood at the time. In 1820, during a series of experiments, Biot and Savart discovered that electric … Read more
The earliest known magnets were naturally occurring minerals called lodestones, which are pieces of the mineral magnetite that have been magnetized. These were discovered by ancient civilizations such as the Greeks, who named them after the region of Magnesia where they were found. The first major application of magnetism was the magnetic compass, which the … Read more
In the mid-19th century, a brilliant German physicist named Gustav Robert Kirchhoff made a significant discovery that would become a cornerstone of electrical circuit theory. Born on March 12, 1824, in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia), Kirchhoff was a prodigious talent from a young age. Kirchhoff formulated his famous laws in 1845, while he was … Read more
In 1800, Italian physicist Alessandro Volta created the first practical chemical cell, known as the voltaic pile. This groundbreaking invention consisted of alternating layers of zinc and copper discs, separated by cardboard soaked in saltwater. When connected, the voltaic pile produced a steady electric current, demonstrating the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. This … Read more
An electric cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by using electrodes and an electrolyte. An electrode is a conductor that participates in a chemical reaction with the electrolyte, which is a substance that can conduct electricity by producing ions. An electric cell has two electrodes: a positive electrode called the … Read more
Combination of Resistors in Series The combination of resistors in series is a way of connecting two or more resistors in such a way that the same current flows through all of them. The resistors are arranged one after another, and the ends of the first resistor are connected to the ends of the second … Read more