Thermodynamics is the study of heat, energy, and their interactions. It explains how heat moves, how energy is used to do work, and how matter changes from one state to another. It’s like a guidebook for understanding energy in the world around us, used in fields like engineering, physics, and chemistry.
The story of changes of state is a tale of transformation, where substances dance between being solid, liquid, and gas. This story is as old as time itself, but our understanding of it has evolved over centuries. Ancient Greek philosophers first pondered the idea that matter could change states. They believed in four elements: earth, … Read more
Calorimetry is like the science of measuring the heat version of a story. It tells us how much energy is involved in chemical reactions or physical changes, and it has a story that goes back centuries. The concept of measuring heat goes back to the ancient Greeks, who were curious about heat and temperature. However, … Read more
The journey into understanding thermodynamic equilibrium began in the 19th century. It was a time when steam engines were transforming the world, and scientists were curious about how to make them more efficient. This curiosity led to the birth of thermodynamics as a field of study. Sadi Carnot, often called the “father of thermodynamics,” laid … Read more
In the 18th century, the invention of the steam engine was a pivotal moment. It was the workhorse of the Industrial Revolution, transforming industries and transportation. But, it was not very efficient. Scientists and engineers wanted to make it better, and their efforts led to the birth of thermodynamics as a formal science. In the … Read more