Mercury Thermometers

Mercury Thermometer

Temperature is something we all feel intuitively—hot or cold—but measuring it precisely requires a scientific approach. We’ll break this down step by step in a simple, logical order, starting with the history and building up to how we assign numerical values to temperature. I’ll use clear headings, bullet points, and equations to make it easy … Read more

Mean Free Path

Mean Free Path

The concept of the mean free path has its roots in the kinetic theory of gases, which was developed in the 19th century. This theory was a major step forward in understanding how gases behave at the molecular level. The kinetic theory describes the motion of particles in a gas and how they interact with … Read more

Ideal Gas Law

Ideal Gas Law

The story of the Ideal Gas Law is a tale of the discovery and the unification of several individual gas laws. It began in the 17th century with Boyle’s Law, discovered by Robert Boyle, which found that pressure and volume are inversely proportional in a gas at a constant temperature. Then, in the 18th century, … Read more